- Several major landmasses
- Wide variety of climatic & surface conditions, ranging from tundra to desert
- 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water
- Africa
- Antarctica
- Asia
- Australia
- Europe
- North America
- South America
- 4.0–3.8 billion years ago: Primitive life first emerges in Earth's oceans
- 2.4 billion years ago: Photosynthetic organisms oxygenate the atmosphere, enabling complex life
- 230 million years ago: Dinosaurs become Earth's dominant land animals
- 66 million years ago: Asteroid extinction ends dinosaur dominance and allows mammals to flourish
- Ancient era: Powerful aliens later remembered as the Greek Gods visit Earth
- Ancient era: Sky Spirits influence Indigenous cultures of North America
- 19th century: Devidians secretly feed on Human neural energy in San Francisco
- 1930: Kirk restores history after McCoy's accidental time travel via the Guardian of Forever
- 1937: Hundreds of Humans are abducted by the Briori to the Delta Quadrant
- 1947: A Ferengi shuttle crashes at Roswell, inspiring UFO legends
- 1957: Vulcan crewman Mestral secretly remains on Earth
- 1967: Gary Seven prevents nuclear escalation on Earth
- 1969: Kirk's crew witnesses the launch of Apollo 11 during accidental time travel
- 1986: Kirk retrieves humpback whales from the past, saving Earth from the Probe
- 1992–1996: Khan leads the Eugenics Wars before the Augments are defeated
- 2024: The Bell Riots help shape Earth's future society
- 2024: The Europa Mission inspires future space exploration
- 2032: Earth's first crewed Saturn mission is launched
- 2037: The Charybdis mission disappears near the Solar System's edge
- 2053: World War III ends, leaving Earth devastated by nuclear war
- 2053–2063: Earth rebuilds following the post-atomic horror
- 2063: Zefram Cochrane achieves Humanity's first warp flight
- 2063: First Contact occurs when Vulcans land in Bozeman, Montana
- Late 21st century: Vulcan assistance helps end poverty, hunger, and many conflicts
- 2113: United Earth is established as Earth's unified government
- 22nd century: United Earth Starfleet begins Human interstellar expansion
- 2151: Enterprise NX-01 launches Humanity's first deep-space mission
- 2153–2154: The Xindi Crisis devastates Florida before Enterprise saves Earth
- 2154: Enterprise destroys the Xindi superweapon, preventing Earth's destruction
- 2156–2160: Earth fights and survives the Earth-Romulan War
- 2161: Earth becomes a founding member of the United Federation of Planets
- 23rd century: Earth serves as Federation capital and Starfleet Headquarters
- 2270s: Captain Kirk resolves the V'Ger crisis, saving Earth
- 2286: Humpback whales answer the Probe, saving Earth's oceans
- 24th century: Earth enjoys lasting peace as the Federation's capital
- 2375: A Breen attack damages San Francisco during the Dominion War
- 2380s: Romulan evacuation fleet construction ends after the Mars attack
- 25th century: Earth remains the Federation's political, scientific, and cultural capital
